Acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir are antiviral medicines used to treat genital herpes. All are effective, but because valacyclovir and famciclovir are absorbed better by the stomach, they can be taken less often than acyclovir. Antiviral medicines are usually taken by mouth (orally), but they are sometimes given intravenously (IV) in severe genital herpes outbreaks or herpes in newborns.
The topical form of acyclovir (Zovirax ointment) offers little benefit in the treatment of genital herpes and is not recommended. Antiviral medicines stop the growth of the herpes simplex virus (HSV).
Why It Is Used?
Acyclovir medicine may be given to:
* People who are having a primary outbreak of genital herpes.
* People who have frequent (about 6 or more a year) recurrent outbreaks of genital herpes.
* People who want to decrease the length and severity of their recurrent outbreaks.
* People who want to decrease the possibility of unintentionally transmitting the virus. Genital herpes is more likely to be transmitted during the first year of infection, even though a person may not have symptoms of a genital herpes outbreak.
* Pregnant women who are having a primary outbreak of genital herpes.
* Women in the last 4 weeks of their pregnancy who are having frequent recurrent outbreaks.
* People who have impaired immune systems and recurrent outbreaks.
Persons identified as having one sexually transmitted disease (STD) are at risk for others and should be screened as appropriate. Partners of persons with an STD should be evaluated and treated as appropriate. Emphasis should be placed on prevention as well as treatment of STDs.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is common and associated with cervical dysplasia and anal cancer.
Genital Warts Syndrome is one or more skin-colored papular lesions at sites of sexual contact. These may occur externally on the penis, vulva, or perineal region, or internally in the vagina or rectum. Genital warts are caused by human papillomavirus, which is a risk factor for cervical and anal dysplasia/cancer. Diagnosis is made by clinical appearance.
Papillomavirus Treatment
All of the listed modalities are about equally effective, and there is a high rate of relapse although frequency is variable.
* podophyllin 0.5% solution or gel (can be prescribed) apply bid x 3 days followed by 4 days of no therapy; may be repeated as necessary for total of 4 cycles
* imiquimod 5% cream (can be prescribed) apply qhs tiw for up to 16 weeks; wash area with soap and water in morning
* trichloroacetic acid
* cryotherapy
* laser therapy
* surgical removal
* local alpha-interferon injection
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