Herpes is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the U.S. It is an infection caused by two different but closely related viruses, called Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2). HSV-1 is usually transmitted by touching and kissing not by sexual contact. It most commonly causes “cold sores” or “fever blisters” on the lips but it can also cause sores around the teeth and gums when a child is first exposed or lesions by the eyes or face. However, HSV-1 can also be spread by oral sexual contact and then cause genital herpes. HSV-2 is almost always spread by sexual contact and causes genital herpes with painful lesions around the vulva, cervix, anus, and penis.
How is herpes spread?
Direct skin-to-skin contact can spread herpes. This includes touching, kissing, and sexual contact (vaginal, anal, penile, and oral). Moist areas of the mouth, throat, anus, vulva, vagina, and the eyes are very easily infected. Herpes can be passed from one partner to another, or from one part of your own body to another part. If one partner has oral cold sores, he/she can pass on the virus during oral sex and cause genital herpes. Herpes is most easily spread when there are open sores. It can also be spread before the blisters actually form. It is very unlikely that herpes is spread by toilet seats, swimming pools, bathtubs, whirlpools, or moist towels. An infected mother can pass the virus to her baby during or after childbirth. Women who acquire the infection for the first time close to the time of delivery are particularly likely to pass the virus to their baby. Pregnant women should always let their doctor know if they have had herpes or been exposed to herpes.
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