Archive for March, 2009

Anxiety In The Elderly

Tuesday, March 31st, 2009

Bills. Money. Spouse. Your car. Your home. Your kids.

For some people, like Joan Daues, the worrying never ends. “People kept saying to me, ‘Joan, don’t worry about that. Don’t worry about this,’” said Joan Daues.

This former Miss Missouri Senior America suffers from generalized anxiety disorder. Although she was able to control her anxiety to win the crown.

“I’ve got a picture of me crying, and they put my banner on upside down.”

Off stage, though, her anxiety was all-encompassing, and Joan is not alone. One in 10 people over age 60 is diagnosed with an anxiety disorder.

“On average, a person with generalized anxiety disorder spends 40 hours per week occupied with their worries,” said Eric Lenze.

Symptoms include insomnia, fatigue, muscle tension and irritability. The stress can increase the risk of heart attacks and stroke.

“Some brain changes with aging may predispose some people to have those worries be more chronic,” said Eric Lenze.

Until now, seniors diagnosed with anxiety disorders were prescribed sedative drugs that could cause problems like falls and memory loss.
Now, doctors are turning to serotonin reuptake inhibitors,or anti-depressants, to improve symptoms.

After 12 weeks of taking the drug daily, 68 percent of patients said their anxiety was much improved. As for Joan, she worries less.

“I just want to try to be as calm and as easy to live with as possible.”

And is able to concentrate on doing the things she loves.

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Singer’s Anxiety Turned Out To Be Cancer

Monday, March 30th, 2009

A 2007 contestant on Britain’s “The X Factor” talent show died of cancer after his doctor said his illness was likely anxiety, an inquest heard.

The Daily Mail said 19-year-old charity worker Christopher Chaffey had visited his doctor six times in the 15 months leading up to his death last September, but was told by Dr. Joseph Austin to “grow up and stop worrying.”

Chaffey only learned the extent of his illness two days before he died with cancerous tumors in his head and neck, and one malignant growth weighing more than four pounds in his chest, the newspaper said the inquest heard.

“It’s a very sad case which is treatable and potentially curable if it would have presented at an earlier stage,” said Dr. Sahra Ali, a consultant hematologist at Castle Hill Hospital, who was involved only at the end of Chaffey’s treatment.

Austin has said he didn’t suspect Chaffey was suffering from a serious condition, but has denied telling the teen and his parents that the illness was anxiety-related, the Mail said.

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Men Are More Prone To Economic Anxiety

Sunday, March 29th, 2009

Late last week, the Financial Times (UK) ran a story about how men are more ‘prone to credit crunch blues’ than women in the same situation. The story is focused on men who think they might lose their jobs, who become more depressed and anxious than women. This assessment comes out of a study from Cambridge University sociologist Brendan Burchell.

The Financial Times reports

This anxiety reflected males’ “macho” belief about “men being the breadwinner”, said Brendan Burchell, the Cambridge sociologist who carried out the research. “Men, unlike women, have few positive ways of defining themselves outside of the workplace between when they leave school and when they retire,” he said.

More from Burchell

The stress and anxiety of people who had become unemployed “bottomed out” after about six months as they adapted to their new circumstances. By contrast, people who had not lost their jobs but thought they might be fired showed steadily worsening mental health for one to two years.

Mr Burchell said: “Given that most economic forecasts predict that the recession will be long with a slow recovery, the results mean that many people – and men in particular – could be entering into a period of prolonged and growing misery.”

Commenting on possible solutions, Mr Burchell stressed the need “to restabilise the City” – adding a mental health angle to the well-rehearsed economic arguments for shoring up the banking system.

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Amid Rising Anxiety Level, Scientists Warm To Denmark

Saturday, March 28th, 2009

Researchers from around the world will meet in Denmark today to discuss the latest scientific findings on climate change, following recent warnings that the severity of global warming this century will be much worse than previously expected and that changes to the climate will be difficult, if not impossible, to reverse for centuries to come.

The three-day international research congress at the University of Copenhagen is sponsored by a consortium of 11 research universities in Europe, the United States, Asia and Australia, including the Australian National University. It is part of the preliminaries for a conference of world leaders, also to be held in the Danish capital, this December to seek agreement on a global treaty or framework to replace the Kyoto Protocol as a mechanism for combating global warming.

The protocol, which expires in 2012, has had limited impact, partly because it binds only about three dozen developed economies to cut carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions blamed by many scientists for causing an increase in temperature, more extreme weather, the spread of disease and rising sea levels. The two biggest emitters, China and the US, are not in this group. Nor are emerging economies and other significant emitters like India, Indonesia and Brazil.

One of the questions the Copenhagen research congress will consider is whether the scientific evidence on the pace, scope and consequences of climate change presented to governments less than two years ago is already significantly out of date and whether policymakers should receive more frequent scientific reports.

The present process is cumbersome and lags well behind advances in research. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (the IPCC), established by the UN in 1988, brings together hundreds of experts from around the world to assess the science and policy implications of global warming. Their task is to collate all available evidence. Since 1990, the IPCC has published four comprehensive assessment reports on human-induced climate change. The next is not due until 2014. The most recent, in November 2007, concluded that the Earth’s temperature was likely to rise by 1.1 to 6.4 degrees by 2100, depending on how much greenhouse gas is released into the atmosphere in coming decades.

One of the lead authors of that report said last month it had probably seriously underestimated the consequences of climate change. Professor Chris Field, a Stanford University climate scientist, said ”we now have data showing that, from 2000 to 2007, greenhouse gas emissions increased far more rapidly than we expected, primarily because developing countries like China and India saw a huge upsurge in electric power generation, almost all of it based on coal”.

Coal and other fossil fuels are large contributors to releases of carbon dioxide (CO2), the main greenhouse gas. Professor Field, who co-chairs the IPCC working group charged with assessing the impacts of climate change, said he was particularly concerned about new evidence that tropical forests would dry out and catch fire, and that permafrost in the Arctic, warming faster than anywhere else, would thaw, releasing into the atmosphere enormous amounts of CO2 and methane, an even more potent global warming gas.

Other recent studies forecast that sea levels will rise substantially higher by 2100 than the IPCC projected and that the capacity of oceans to soak up excess CO2 is declining. The oceans, forests and other vegetation, as well as soil, absorb about half of all man-made CO2 emissions.

The rest stays in the atmosphere.

In Januar, a team of US and European scientists headed by another IPCC lead author published a study demonstrating how changes in surface temperature, rainfall and sea level were largely irreversible for more than 1000 years after the cessation of all CO2 emissions.

Team leader Susan Solomon, a senior scientist with the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, said, ”Our study convinced us that current choices regarding carbon dioxide will have legacies that will irreversibly change the planet.” Next month the NOAA

releases its annual update for 2008 on global greenhouse gas emissions. It is expected to show that, despite the recession and slowdown in industrial output, CO2 levels in the atmosphere already at their highest level in more than 800,000 years increased slightly last year.

Still, some analysts say the recession will temporarily cut emissions by up to one-third over the next couple of years and that this provides an opportunity for policymakers to act before the predicament gets worse.

Not all the recent research reaches dire conclusions about climate change. One study suggests that the tropical forest in the Amazon Basin might be less vulnerable to temperature rise than previously believed. Another concludes that the melting of the Greenland ice sheet, which accelerated in the early part of this decade, has slowed again.

Dr Vicky Pope, head of climate change advice at the Hadley Centre in Britain’s Meteorological Office, says there will always be natural variations in climate trends. But, she adds, the implications of climate change are profound and will be severe if greenhouse gas emissions are not cut ”drastically and swiftly” over coming decades.

The message from scientists to political leaders trying to cushion recession and spark a recovery is this: you may try to run from the costs of the climate change challenge, but ultimately there is nowhere to hide.

The writer is a visiting senior research fellow at the Institute of South-East Asian Studies in Singapore.

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Help Keep Anxiety Under Control

Friday, March 27th, 2009

Everyone is anxious now and then, but for some people, anxiety can completely interfere with their daily lives.

The U.S. National Library of Medicine offers these suggestions to help control anxiety and stay calmer:

* Try to figure out what’s causing your anxiety.
* Create a diary or journal detailing your anxious thoughts, and what you think triggers them.
* Talk to a friend, therapist or family member about what’s concerning you.
* Get plenty of sleep and frequent exercise.
* Stick to a healthy diet, avoiding caffeine, alcohol, nicotine and illicit drugs.
* Make time for fun.
* Try relaxation techniques.

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Kids With Anxiety and High Blood Pressure Have Trouble Concentrating

Thursday, March 26th, 2009

Children and teenagers with high blood pressure may have more difficulty with memory, planning and tackling complex tasks than their peers do, a small study suggests.

The study included 64 subjects who were 10-to-18 years old; half had hypertension while the other half had normal blood pressure levels. The researchers found that those with high blood pressure showed subtle differences in thinking, memory and attention, based on their parents’ responses to a standard questionnaire, compared with their counterparts with normal blood pressure.

What’s more, the 17 children who were both obese and had high blood pressure were more likely than the others to have symptoms of anxiety and depression. More than half had symptoms serious enough to warrant treatment, the researchers report in the Journal of Pediatrics.

The reasons for the findings are not clear, according to lead investigator Dr. Marc B. Lande of the University of Rochester Medical Center, New York and associates.

“This study can’t tell us that this is cause-and-effect,” Lande told Reuters Health.

He also stressed that children with high blood pressure had cognitive scores within normal range. The survey used in the study — an 86-item questionnaire completed by parents — is designed to pick up subtle differences in children’s thinking, emotional control and behavior.

Still, Lande said, the concern is that high blood pressure might cause subtle damage to children’s brain over time. “We don’t know that yet,”

he said. “That’s where we need further studies.”

It will also be important, Lande noted, to see whether treating children’s high blood pressure prevents any effects on cognition.

As to why the combination of obesity and hypertension was linked to anxiety and depression, the reasons are, again, unknown. Children in the study who were overweight but had normal blood pressure were not at elevated risk, Lande pointed out.

Whatever the reasons, the finding is one that parents and doctors should be aware of, according to Lande — especially because the recent rise in hypertension among children is largely driven by growing rates of obesity.

“I think that parents and practitioners should be aware that children who have obesity-related hypertension are at risk of anxiety and depression,” Lande said.

The American Heart Association recommends that all children ages 3 and older have their blood pressure checked yearly. Diet changes and exercise are usually the first-line treatment, though some children also need medication.

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Attacking Anxiety

Wednesday, March 25th, 2009

How worrying can be helpful or get in the way of living life

Don’t worry, be happy. Those four words may be a neat philosophy but, according to worry specialist Dr. Beverly Potter, they’re easier said than done. “I don’t like that expression because it suggests that you shouldn’t be worrying,” says the California author of The Worrywart’s Companion.

The trouble with worrying is that it can get completely out of control and has a habit of escalating. Actor/director Woody Allen, a famous worrywart, illustrated this best when he said, “If I get chapped lips, I think it’s brain cancer.”

Worrying is a kind of “stuckness,” Potter told me recently. Or as she writes in her book’s intro, worrywarts “get stuck in identifying danger as they immerse themselves in the dread associated with the threat, which may be real or, more likely, imagined.”

Don’t think worrying is bad for you, she told me. “Think of it as a mental fire drill, a thinking through of things that potentially might happen. It’s good to think over what could happen and to have a contingency plan. That is what productive and effective people do.”

The problem is that the process generates anxiety. Worrywarts can become melodramatic and waste precious time. As American writer Mark Twain said, “There has been much tragedy in my life. And at least half of it actually happened!” Worrywarts can’t live in the here and now.

Chronic worry can evolve into panic attacks, says Potter. “The anxiety generates more worry, then more anxiety, then round and round you go.” A twinge in your chest makes you believe you could soon have a heart attack, a news story about a home invasion 200 miles away keeps you up at night because you fear someone will break in when you’re asleep.

Learn to stop the worry cycle, says Potter. “You need to understand that just because you feel worried doesn’t mean there is anything wrong. It’s just your body reacting to those frightening thoughts you are thinking.” Worrying is hard to give up, she says.

Like a superstition, worry gives people relief and even reduces anxiety.

One story Potter likes to tell is about two women, one of whom is madly waving her arms about. When the second woman asks her what’s she’s doing, the first woman replies that she’s keeping the tigers away. “But there are no tigers here,” the second woman says.

“See,” says the woman waving her arms. “It’s working!”

Potters book (for more information, visit www.docpotter.com is filled with excellent insight into worry and dozens of practical tips. One point she stresses is that worrywarts catastrophize: Who among us who has a fear of flying can’t relate to obsessing, when we have to fly, on the statistically improbable –the plane crashing.

Worrywarts always gravitate to the worst possible scenario, says Potter. “It’s like the mother who worries that her son isn’t home. She paces and thinks he’s been in a horrid accident and he’s down in the morgue.

“She never thinks that maybe the opposite has happened: His coach asked him to stay behind while they discuss the fact that a scout was so impressed with him on the field that he wants to offer him a football scholarship.”

Learn to worry smart, is her advice. “Smart worriers don’t automatically flip into worrying, like a knee-jerk reaction,” she says. Smart worriers learn to soothe themselves so that they can bounce back from initial worries. Smart worriers learn “self-talk” — a kind of inner dialogue in which they talk to themselves the way a friend would, encouraging themselves and challenging extremes.

Smart worriers are hopeful, not hopeless. Smart worriers imagine positive possibilities, limit their worries to worry places or diaries, identify worry triggers, rate their worries on a scale of one to ten, challenge their worries, and learn how to under-react.

Worrying is a style, says Potter.

“You can learn a new habit, but it takes effort. It’s easy to fall back into the habitual thinking pattern. Worry begets worry.”

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Commuter Anxiety At A Seven-Year High

Tuesday, March 24th, 2009

Commuter anxiety has reached a seven-year high amid increasing fears for safety on public transport at night.

Confidential research conducted for the State Government has found growing calls for a beefed-up police presence on trains, trams and buses.

While police numbers on public transport have been slashed, patronage has soared.

Plans to increase police numbers to 250 equates to 8 per cent more police in five years over a time when patronage has soared almost 50 per cent.

A comprehensive survey of commuter safety has found passengers are also fed up with louts.

Customer surveys, obtained using Freedom of Information law, reveal a declining sense of safety on the train system.

“There is an emerging downward trend with the satisfaction level on platform surveillance and with the level of car park surveillance,” the report says.

“Additionally, there is an established downward trend in satisfaction with the availability of transit police when needed.”

People aged 55 and over feel the least safe, followed by those aged 16-24.

Opposition transport spokesman Terry Mulder said police on public transport had been cut at the same time patronage was increasing.

“The transit police have been raided when there’s been a shortage in other areas,” Mr Mulder said.

“What the public want to see is a regular, strong police presence travelling regularly on public transport to act as a deterrent.”

Rail, Tram and Bus Union state secretary Trevor Dobbyn said that the survey also demonstrated a need for more staff.

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Asian Stocks Sink Amid Anxiety Over World Economy

Monday, March 23rd, 2009

Asian stock markets sank Monday, with Japan’s benchmark tumbling to a 26-year closing low, amid deepening anxiety that economies in the U.S. and elsewhere will take far longer to emerge from recession.

Investors continued to shun banks on worries they still haven’t raised enough capital to make up for their colossal losses. Heavyweight bank HSBC, Europe’s biggest, tumbled over 12 percent Hong Kong trade.

Japanese shares, already among Asia’s worst performing this year, crumbled to a 26-year low after the world’s second-largest economy posted a record current account deficit in January. Oil prices, meanwhile, were higher ahead of an anticipated production cut from OPEC.

Recent losses in Asian markets, while somewhat tame compared to those in the West, have still been severe as investors ratchet down their expectation for global growth in the face of abysmal economic data and signs of ongoing struggles at banks and major firms like General Motors.

“Sentiment is terrible,” said Ben Pedley, managing director of LGT Investment Management Ltd. in Hong Kong. “We’re going to be in a funk, not only in Asia, but in the rest of the world for the next year or two.”

Japan’s Nikkei 225 stock average fell 87.07 points, or 1.2 percent, to 7,086.03, and Hong Kong’s Hang Seng lost 299.38, or 2.5 percent, to 11,622.14.

Weighing on Hong Kong were steep falls in mainland markets, where investors booked some profits after the government didn’t announce new and bigger policies to stimulate the economy at an ongoing legislative meeting. Shanghai’s benchmark plummeted 3.4 percent.

Stock measures in India, Singapore and Taiwan also fell; those in South Korea and Australia gained 1.6 percent and 0.3 percent respectively.

Friday in New York, Wall Street ended a volatile session slightly higher after investors digested news that the world’s largest economy shed 651,000 jobs last month. The unemployment rate jumped to a 25 year high of 8.1 percent.

The Dow rose 32.50, or 0.5 percent, to 6,626.94. The Standard & Poor’s 500 index rose 0.83, or 0.1 percent, to 683.38, while the Nasdaq composite index fell 5.74, or 0.4 percent, to 1,293.85.

Wall Street futures pointed to a lackluster open in the U.S. Dow futures were down 21 points, or 0.3 percent, at 6,653 while S&P500 futures fell 3.7 points, or 0.5 percent, to 684.10.

In Hong Kong, the broader market was also hurt by the downward spiral of HSBC Holdings PLC. The British lender plunged 12.9 percent to HK$37.9 — its lowest point in over a decade — ahead of its offering of new shares to raise capital. Just last year, its stock traded above HK$130.

In Japan, lender Shinsei Bank Ltd. lost 8.8 percent after saying Friday it will issue preferred shares to shore up its capital base.

In the oil market, benchmark crude for April delivery rose 73 cents to $46.25 a barrel in Asia as investors anticipated another OPEC production cut will shrink global supplies.

The dollar rose to 98.46 yen from 98.27 yen. The euro traded at $1.2654 from $1.2672.

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Anxiety Over Brokers’ Licences Renewal

Sunday, March 22nd, 2009

A wave of uncertainty has gripped the Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE), as stockbrokers worry over renewal of their trading licences.

The daunting auditors’ report over the embezzlement of investor funds at the collapsed Nyaga Stockbrokers and the widespread liquidity and governance issues facing many stockbrokers and investment bankers is good cause for worry.

The dealers, whose trading licences expired on December 31 last year, are increasingly getting agitated over what they termed as a deliberate move by Capital Markets Authority (CMA) to create unnecessary jitters in the market by withholding details of its inspection findings.

While the law stipulates that licences issued by the CMA have to be renewed by the end of March annually, and all licensees gazetted by the end of April, some brokers argued that the Authority’s inspections be carried out prior to the expiry of their trading permits to avoid instances where market players trade without licences. CMA is required to furnish every broker with a report of its inspection before renewing their licences.

No partial reports

CMA, however, dismissed the claims saying the assessment process was still on going and it could not issue partial reports to particular institutions.

“The inspection is still underway and should be completed by end of April tentatively,” said a CMA official who declined to be named.

Last year, six brokers and two investment advisory firms failed to meet the regulator’s licence renewal requirements and were issued with three-month conditional licences. CMA declined to renew their licences for 2008.

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