Migraines are a medical condition that impairs millions of people each year. While migraines differ in severity, common symptoms include altered perceptions, severe headaches, and nausea. A migraine is a unilateral and pulsating vascular headache that can last anywhere from 4 to 72 hours. Almost one-third of migraine patients experience an aura before the incident occurs. Additionally, some patients experience photophobia (sensitivity of light) during migraines. There are a variety of migraine headache treatment options for migraines, including preventive treatment, trigger management, attack aborting, and pain management
Preventative Treatment
Preventative migraine headache treatment options are used to prevent – or reduce – the number of migraines a person suffers from. Treatment usually is in the form of a medication or patch. Beta-blockers, antidepressants, calcium channel blockers, Methysergide, and Divalproex Sodium have proven to be beneficial preventative treatment options. Beta-blocker therapy has been noted to be the best solution for most patients as it has the least amount of side effects. Studies have shown that antidepressants have serotonin and analgesic effects. Doctors have found that calcium channel blockers influence vessel constriction, one of the key issues migraine sufferers face. Methysergide is a treatment option available to select patients, as the side effects are profound. Methysergide works by altering serotonin levels. Divalproex Sodium is a proven treatment option for Epilepsy patients, however; studies show the medicine, in small doses, can prevent migraine symptoms.
Trigger Management
Trigger management migraine treatments are aimed at identifying what causes migraines. Triggers can include a change of weather, air pressure, bright lights, glare, fluorescent light, fumes, and foods. Foods can cause migraines, including processed meats and cheeses, red wine, dried fish, beans, MSG, beer, and aspartame. Trigger management treatments identify what the trigger is, and helps the patient avoid or minimize such triggers. Caffeine, stress, anxiety, excitement, depression, and worrying do not trigger migraines.
Attack Aborting
Attack aborting migraine headache treatment options are aimed at reducing the severity and length of migraines via medication. This type of medication should be taken as soon as symptoms are identified. The medicine works best when taken early in the migraine, such as after the aura or prodrome. Taking attack-aborting medications early on can reduce the pain that migraines cause. Attack aborting medicines include a variety of cerebral vasoconstrictor abortive agents, such as AmergeTM, ZomigTM, and MidrinTM. Several non-vasoconstrictor medications exist.
Pain Management
General pain management for migraine headache treatment can be used to treat non-life threatening migraines. Treatment options include the use of narcotic analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and simple analgesics. Narcotic analgesics are used to relieve pain, however; this medication poses a high risk for addiction and must be used under close doctor supervision. Naiads work by inhibiting blood vessel inflammation, however; studies have shown that NSAIDs have a negative impact on the gastrointestinal system and can cause bleeding of the stomach if used for prolonged periods. Advil is the most popular NSAID medication. Lastly, simple analgesics can be used for mild migraine pains and can be purchased over the counter at most pharmacies.
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