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Dysthymia (pronounced Dis-THIGH-me-uh) comes from the Greek roots dys, meaning “ill” or “bad”, and thymia, meaning “mind” or “emotions”. The terms dysthymia and dysthymic disorder refer to a mild, chronic state of depression.

Dysthymia or dysthymic disorder is a form of the mood disorder of depression characterized by a lack of enjoyment/pleasure in life that continues for at least two years. It differs from clinical depression in the severity of the symptoms. Dysthymia can, though not always, prevent a person from functioning, affecting sleep pattern and daily activities, it prevents full enjoyment of life.

Dysthymia may seem a paradoxical disorder in that sufferers exhibit fairly mild symptoms on a day-to-day basis, however, over a life time it can have severe effects: high rates of suicide, work impairment, and social isolation. Dysthymia typically lasts much longer than an episode of major depression, and outsiders often perceive dysthymic individuals as dour and humorless. When a major depressive episode occurs on top of dysthymia, clinicians may refer to the resultant condition as double depression.

As with other forms of depression, a number of treatments exist for dysthymia. Doctors most commonly use psychotherapy, including cognitive therapy, to help change the mind-set of the individual affected. Additionally doctors may prescribe a variety of antidepressant medications, with most individuals with dysthymia responding to Prozac and Tofranil in a positive manner. For mild or moderate depression, the American Psychiatric Association in its 2000 Treatment Guidelines for Patients with Major Depressive Disorder advises psychotherapy alone or in combination with an antidepressant as possibly appropriate.

Evidence is currently inconclusive as to whether St John’s wort extract might also prove effective in treating mild to moderate forms of depression such as dysthymia. A 2002 study involving 375 patients with mild to moderate major depression found it effective with side-effects similar to placebo . However, a 2006 study involving 150 patients with minor depressive symptoms or dysthymia found St. John’s Wort extract ineffective for the patients with dysthymia.

The term dysthymia originally referred to a sub-clinical psychotic condition, and the Greek roots of the term dysthymia (dys- (bad) and thymia) suggest the interpretation: “abnormal or disordered feelings”. Classical dysthymia refers to “feeling” something as a reality which is not a reality (for example “feeling” that one knows what others think) – or to “understanding” an underlying social dynamic which is not real. This definition of dysthymia used to cover a broad band of disorders, many of which may very likely result in anti-social behaviors. In ancient times, it was believed that the thymus “gland” was the heart of all emotions, and if one were to be depressed, said person had a “dysfunctional thymus” or “Dysthymia”. Dysthymia was not considered a specific disorder, but this name was given to any type of depression in general.

The symptoms of dysthymia are similar to major depression, but are less severe. These symptoms include:

* either poor appetite or eating too much
* sleep difficulties
* fatigue
* low self-esteem
* difficuly concentrating or making decisions
* feelings of hopelessness

A person with dysthymia may be able to function in their day-to-day life, but never feels quite right. They may report feeling like they’ve been depressed all their lives or say they feel like they are just barely managing to keep their head above water. A person with dysthymia may at some point also experience a major depressive episode. When the major depressive episode ends, they return to their previous state of chronic, low-level depression. When an episode of major depression is superimposed on dysthymia it is referred to as double depression.

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