Although the cause of temporal arteritis is not known, many factors are known to increase an individual’s risk of developing the disease. These risk factors include:
* Age. This may be the most important risk factor for temporal arteritis. This condition almost exclusively affects people over the age of 50. The likelihood of developing temporal arteritis increases as patients age and peaks in their 80s. Temporal arteritis can develop in children, according to the Arthritis Foundation, but this is exceedingly rare.
* Sex. Women are twice as likely as men to develop temporal arteritis.
* Genetics. There seems to be a genetic predisposition to temporal arteritis, which tends to run in families. In addition, it primarily affects people of Northern European descent.
* Climate. Temporal arteritis is more prevalent in colder latitudes. However, it is not known if this is because of the cold weather or the genetic makeup of the people living in those areas.
* Impairment of the immune system. An abnormal immune response appears to be a factor in temporal arteritis. Severe infections or heavy use of antibiotics may increase risk of the disorder.
* Viral factors. Some studies have suggested a link to pneumonia and parvovirus, but this remains highly controversial.
There seems to be a link between temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. According to the National Institutes of Health, about 15 percent of Americans who have polymyalgia rheumatica also develop temporal arteritis. Further, about half of all temporal arteritis patients also have polymyalgia rheumatica. Patients may develop these conditions at the same time or may develop temporal arteritis after symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica disappear.
People with rheumatoid arthritis may also be at an increased risk of temporal arteritis. Researchers have found that women who smoke or have cardiovascular problems such as murmurs might also be at greater risk of developing this disease.
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