Signs and symptoms of temporal arteritis include:
* Pain and tenderness. A dull, persistent pain in the temples is the most common symptom of temporal arteritis. This pain is usually worsened by chewing. The face and scalp may also be painful and tender, and the pain may extend to the jaw and tongue. In addition to facial pain, a patient may experience ear pain or dental pain. Sore throats are common. In some cases, the muscles may ache.
* Headache. Dull headaches occur in about two-thirds of all temporal arteritis cases. These may occur on one or both sides of the head and may be moderate to severe. Headaches may be localized to the temporal regions or may be more generalized. They are typically chronic and may get worse over time. Most patients suffering temporal arteritis report that the headache associated with it is markedly different from other headaches they have had.
* Jaw claudication (pain when chewing). The chewing (masticatory) muscles may become weak and painful. This occurs in about half of temporal arteritis cases.
* Abnormal temporal arteries. In about half of all cases of temporal arteritis, the temporal arteries develop a knobby thickening and become firm. They are generally tender to touch, and it may be difficult to feel a pulse within them.
* Vision problems. Blurred or double vision is a frequent complaint in people with temporal arteritis. Patients may experience eye pain, but the visual impairment can be painless. Sudden loss of vision, usually in only one eye but sometimes in both, is a less common but serious risk. The loss of vision may be transient. According to the Arthritis Foundation, this blindness occurs in 10 to 15 percent of cases.
* Fever. A fever may accompany temporal arteritis. Although typically low-grade, it may mimic the fever of an infection, such as pneumonia.
* Fatigue. Many temporal arteritis patients suffer from general fatigue.
* Weight loss. Temporal arteritis patients may experience a loss of weight.
* Upper respiratory complaints. A dry cough and moderate to severe sore throat occur in some cases.
* Horner’s syndrome. This involves a drooping upper eyelid, pupil contraction and receding eyeball. It may occur with temporal arteritis.
* Chest pain. Rarely, temporal arteritis is accompanied by chest pain, which suggests cardiovascular involvement.
Symptoms can also be due to other conditions, such as another form of vasculitis, Lyme disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, amyloidosis (abnormal deposit of proteins in tissues) or TMJ disorder. A biopsy is used to identify temporal arteritis.
In many cases, temporal arteritis patients also suffer from pain and stiffness in the neck, arms and hips, particularly in the morning. This is a symptom of polymyalgia rheumatica, a condition that commonly occurs with temporal arteritis.
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