Posts Tagged ‘surgery’

About Pain Medication

Wednesday, March 3rd, 2010

Muscle relaxant medications and anti-inflammatory medicine could be used to alleviate pain and discomfort until the body heals itself. However, some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAIDs), like naproxen sodium, might increase your risk of heart attack and stroke.  Continually consult together with your doctor any medication to see whether or not the potential benefits outweigh the risks for you.

Surgical Technique

When nonsurgical therapy does not ease your discomfort or the pain is obtaining worse and turning into unbearable, your doctor could advocate surgery as option.  There are various surgeries available that vary from the minimally invasive strategies to a additional serious procedure like spinal fusion.  The complexity of the surgery will rely on the severity of your condition.

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation program could vary depending on the procedure the patient went through and also the doctor’s preference. Exercise regimen might include:

* Exercises to strengthen your lower back and abdominal muscles
* Exercises to boost your posture
* Stretches to increase the pliability of your spine and legs
* Exercises to maintain your cardiovascular conditioning while you recover

Prolonged bed rest is not suggested as it will result in a decrease in your overall physical condition.  Get on my feet and move with caution following your doctor’s recommendations concerning specific activities you ought to participate in.

indeed, back pain relief and the alleviation of other body aches is not impossible. Numerous medicine and therapies are currently obtainable to people who want to reclaim their health and resume their traditional lives — free from pain and discomfort.

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Hip-Replacement Surgery Not Only Option

Monday, January 4th, 2010

Sometimes people with hip pain from osteoarthritis go to orthopedic surgeons without first having tried more conservative measures for pain relief.

However, research shows that people with hip pain who try conservative measures first have an 87 percent success rate in decreasing their hip pain and postponing or avoiding hip-replacement surgery.

If I have hip pain, at what point should I see a physical therapist?

If you have hip pain for more than three to four weeks, you should see a physical therapist no matter what your age. You may be experiencing femoro- acetabular impingement, which occurs when the neck of the femur (the long bone in the top of the leg) rubs up against the pelvic bone.

This is a condition we’ve seen in people as young as 16 years old and is now recognized as an underlying reason for the development of osteoarthritis later on in life.

If the source of pain is diagnosed early and the impingement is treated, you can prevent the onset of osteoarthritis.

How does a physical therapist treat this condition?

Femoro-acetabular impingement is treated successfully with activity modification and patient education.

Your physical therapist will teach you how to strengthen specific muscles and stretch specific tissue in order to address this problem.

What if I have chronic hip pain?

Physical therapy can have a significant impact on pain relief and can help improve the function of a person with chronic hip pain. We use manual therapy and therapeutic exercise with great success.

We can help patients strengthen surrounding musculature and will recommend physical exercise involving high repetition and low-impact activities such as biking, swimming, working on a cross-trainer or walking.

If weight control is a factor in your joint pain, your physical therapist can recommend appropriate weight-loss measures.

What is manual therapy?

Manual therapy is hands-on treatment in which the physical therapist mobilizes and/or manipulates the involved joints and the tissues surrounding the joint through soft tissue mobilization, massage and passive stretching.

When should I consider hip-replacement surgery?

Joint replacement surgery should be considered when physical therapy is no longer effective and the pain is interfering with daily activities.

After joint replacement surgery, physical therapy is highly recommended to help you increase your range of motion and strength. Your physical therapist also will help you achieve a normal gait to avoid limping. With physical therapy following surgery you will regain functional status more quickly and fully and be able to return to your occupation and your favorite recreational activities. Not all hip replacement patients see a physical therapist right away. Often the result of waiting is that problems develop that are difficult to address and the outcome is not satisfactory.

There is substantial evidence to show that conservative therapy for hip pain can be very effective. If you are suffering from hip pain, consider seeing your physical therapist sooner rather than later.

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Simple Surgery Brings Relief For Spinal Stenosis

Monday, November 2nd, 2009

Spinal stenosis is a common arthritic condition people face as they age.  Symptoms include pain radiating down your bottom and legs.  A Jefferson City doctor says there’s nothing you can do to prevent it, but decades of degeneration can be healed with a simple surgery.

Tom Naught suffered from extreme pain from spinal stenosis. “Mine was totally concentrated in the lower back and through the pelvis area, more or less 24 hours a day,” remembers Naught.  Working at his insurance office did not mean sitting comfortably at his desk, it meant lying on a mat to find relief. “I would have to lie totally flat on my back and try to get my spinal cord as flat as possible to get the pressure off those nerve endings.”

But when even that wasn’t enough and the pain became unbearable, he visited many doctors across the state and was ready to go to Florida for surgery. Then in 2005, Tom’s wife heard a seminar by Dr. John Spears, someone she thought her husband should see.

Dr. Spears recommended a simple procedure called microscopic decompression. It doesn’t require fusion or the addition of rods, screws or pins to the spine.  Dr. Spears simply cleans out the material compressing the nerves, “The compressive bone that is pressing in to the spinal canal and mashing on the nerves. There are some normal structures that become compressive like a big thick ligament that runs on the inside of the spine that buckles in and presses on the nerves. This is mainly what we are doing is removing these compressive structures so nothing is pressing on the nerves,” says Spears.

This type of surgery usually requires just an overnight hospital stay.

After years of suffering Naught found almost instant pain relief and now enjoys a new hobby, tending to his field of grapevines. “Basically I have lived a very active life since March of 2005.”

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Back Pain Solutions Without Surgery

Monday, October 26th, 2009

Acute back pain may begin suddenly and usually lasts around 3 months. Chronic back pain sometimes lasts throughout life.

The most common back pain is low back pain (LBP). It is is often described as sudden, sharp, persistent, or dull pain felt below the waist. LBP is very common and affects the majority of people at some point during their life. Up to 70%–85% of all people have back pain at some time in their lives. LBP is the most common cause of a limitation of activity in people younger than 45 years of age. It is the second most frequent reason for visits to a physician, and the third most common indication for surgery. It is the fifth-ranking cause of hospital admissions and is one of the leading causes of disability.

Low back pain is most commonly caused by muscle strain associated with heavy physical work, lifting or forceful movement, bending or twisting, awkward positions, or standing in one position too long. Any of these movements can exacerbate a prior or existing back disorder. Other conditions that can cause low back pain include spinal stenosis, arthritis (osteoarthritis), spinal infection (osteomyelitis), spinal tumors (benign and malignant), spondylolisthesis, and vertebral fractures (e.g. burst fracture).

Low back pain is either acute or chronic. Acute LBP may begin suddenly with intense pain usually lasting fewer than three months. Chronic pain is persistent long-term pain, sometimes lasting throughout life. Even chronic pain may present episodes of acute pain. Other symptoms include localized pain in a specific area of the low back, general aching, and/or pain that radiates into the low back, general aching, and/or pain that radiates into the low back, buttocks and leg(s). Sometimes pain is accompanied by neurological symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or weakness. Neurological symptoms requiring immediate medical attention include bowel or bladder dysfunction, groin or leg weakness or numbness, severe symptoms that do not subside after a few days, or pain prohibiting everyday activities.

Pain felt in the low back is not always indicative of a spinal problem. A thorough physical and neurological assessment may reveal the cause of the low back pain. The physical examination begins with the patient’s current condition and medical history. Examination of a patient with low back pain involves examining the patient’s range of spinal motion while standing straight, bending forward, and to the side. Asymmetry, posture, and leg length is noted. Methodical palpation of the spine can reveal muscle spasm, possible bony displacement, and tender points. Abdominal palpation is performed to determine if the cause of low back pain is possibly organ related (e.g. pancreas). The neurological assessment evaluates weakness, absence of reflexes, tingling, burning, pain, diminished function, and other signs that may indicate nerve involvement.

If infection, malignancy, fracture, or other risk factors are suspected, routine lab tests may be ordered. These tests may include complete blood count (CBC), erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR), and urinalysis. In some cases electrodiagnostic studies such as electromyography (EMG) or nerve condition velocity (NCV) are performed to confirm a diagnosis or localize the site of nerve injury. Plain radiographs (x-rays), CT Scan, and/or MRI studies are performed when fracture or neurological dysfunction is suspected. A MRI represents the gold standard in imaging today. A MRI renders high-resolution images of spinal tissues such as the spinal cord and intervertebral discs. X-rays are still the imaging methods of choice to study the bony elements in the low back. The results of the physical and neurological examinations combines with test results are carefully evaluated to confirm a diagnosis.

Most patients with low back pain are treated without surgery. A conventional treatment plan may include bed rest for a day or two combines with medication to reduce inflammation and pain. Medications recommended by the physician are based on the patient’s medical condition, age, other drugs the patient currently takes, and safety. The first choice for pain relief is often nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These drugs should be taken with food to prevent stomach upset and stomach bleeding. Muscle relaxants may provide relief from muscle spasm but are actually benign sedatives, which often cause drowsiness. Narcotic pain relievers are prescribed for use during the acute phase and often for chronic pain management in appropriate patients.

Other modalities to treat low back pain might include physical therapy (PT), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS) trial, ultrasound therapy, acupuncture and massage therapy. A managed PT program can help build muscle strength and flexibility, improve mobility, coordination, stability and balance, and promote relaxation. Patients who participate in a structured physical therapy program often progress to wellness more rapidly than those who do not. This includes low back maintenance through a home exercise program developed for the patient by the physical therapist.

Although the number of spinal surgeries done every year is on the rise, it is rarely required to treat low back pain. Surgery may be considered if the patient is experiencing bowel or bladder dysfunction, increased nerve impairment, progressive weakness, incapacitating pain, or spinal instability. The surgical procedure depends on the diagnosis or the cause of low back pain. To prevent low back pain, first and foremost, follow the treatment plan outlined by the physician. To enhance recovery from an episode of low back pain, or to help prevent future exacerbation, try to maintain good posture, be consistent in a home exercise program, and eat sensibly to maintain proper body weight.

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Tips For Back Pain Without Surgery

Wednesday, April 29th, 2009

Pitchers suffer an inordinate number of arm injuries in large part because the human body wasn’t designed to fling baseballs 90 or more miles per hour. And, for that matter, the human body may not have been designed for us to even walk upright, surmises Houston pain specialist Dr. Uday Doctor, because of the world of hurt our spines can cause us.

Doctor is chief of pain management at the Texas Orthopedic Hospital. He stays busy because of the inherent design flaws in our backbones vis-à-vis how we use our bodies in jogging, lifting heavy objects and whacking golf balls.

Doctor, who is board-certified to practice interventional spine care, is hardly alone in his field. There are more than 150 physicians in the area who are pain management specialists. And who knows how many chiropractors, acupuncturists and physical therapists also earn a living off our agony?

As we reach a certain age, most of us start to hurt, which wreaks havoc on the quality of our lives, affecting mood, motor functions and concentration.

Doctor suggests that there are two kinds of chronic pain, that which is caused by cancer and that which emanates from diseased and damaged nerves.

The former, he said, is treated by throwing the book at it with little regard for the consequences. Side effects and the risk of addiction are secondary concerns.

“You’re just trying to relieve suffering,” Doctor said, “and that’s especially true if the patient is terminal. All you’re trying to do is make them more comfortable.”

For those coping with nerve pain, however, it’s trickier because addiction issues and side effects of the most potent painkillers do matter. We don’t want to spend every waking moment groaning and grimacing, but we certainly don’t want to turn into junkies, either.

Attacking the problem with surgery is no black-and-white solution. Spinal operations, in particular, remain a dicey proposition, and it’s the spine — particularly the disks separating the vertebrae — that’s often the source of pain. For example, while a stabbing ache in the shoulder could be a torn rotator cuff, it’s more likely to be the byproduct of a herniated disk between the C6 and C7 vertebra, “pinching” the nerve leading to the shoulder.

Dr. Tom Blair, a retired pulmonary specialist at St. Joseph’s Hospital, has battled back problems for 40 years. He takes Naprosyn, a prescription-strength anti-
inflammatory drug, and stays as active as he deems prudent. He thinks shutting down completely because you’re hurting inflicts psychological damage that exacerbates physical discomfort.

Blair’s advice? Educate yourself. Make every effort to know your body — so you’ll know why you’re hurting — before deciding what to do about it. And, he adds, “Don’t turn yourself over to somebody you don’t have good references on or who won’t explain what they’re doing, and why they’re doing it.”

The old-school way of thinking about pain offered two options, sucking up and living with it or swallowing hard and going under the knife. Fortunately, there are other options. For example, Doctor and his partners at SpineCare Consultants (www.spinecare1.com) are practitioners of the nerve root block, which attacks pain without major invasive surgery.

Yes, they will stick a needle or two in your neck or lower back. But that’s a far cry from having an epidural, never mind fusing vertebrae.

And most insurance plans cover it even without a referral from a primary-care physician.

“We find the nerve that’s inflamed and we put (anti-inflammatory) medication directly on it,” Doctor said. “It’s critical to isolate the source of the pain. Say your shoulder hurts. In the old days, we’d probably scope it. If that didn’t work, then we’d operate on your neck.”

Michael Cokinos, president of Cokinos Energy Corp., says the nerve block ended his searing back, arm and hand pain. But, ever fearful of a stress-induced relapse, Cokinos regularly visits a chiropractor, Dr. Ron Grabowski, who Doctor recommended. Grabowski’s mission is to keep Cokinos’ C7 vertebrae from re-settling on the nerve.

“I thought I was going to have to live with (the pain) the rest of my life,” Cokinos said. “But I feel like I’m 150 percent of my old self. I’m working out again and feeling great. What a relief.”

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Pain Treatment

Saturday, April 18th, 2009

There are a number of ways to treat acute pain and chronic pain. A physician may recommend lifestyle improvements such as exercise, quitting smoking, stress management, reduced intake of alcohol, weight loss or diet. Other categories of interventions in pain management:

* Medication. The many classes of drugs used to address pain include:

- Analgesics (painkillers), including non-narcotics such as acetaminophen and opioids such as morphine

- Anti-inflammatory drugs, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen and COX-2 inhibitors) and corticosteroids

- Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), to reduce joint damage caused by conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus

- Antidepressants, sometimes prescribed for certain types of chronic pain

- Anesthetics and interventional injections, which includes nerve blocks, epidural steroid injections and facet joint injections

* Therapy. Several health professions offer interventions to help deal with pain, including:

- Physical therapy, to increase strength, range of motion, coordination and balance

- Occupational therapy, to maximize function in daily activities such as dressing and cooking

- Manipulation therapy (e.g., chiropractic, massage therapy), to improve bodily movements

- Cognitive behavioral therapy, to help patients replace negative thought patterns with positive ones

* Modalities (physical agents). Examples of modalities that can relieve pain and increase function include:

- Thermotherapy (heat), such as ultrasound therapy
- Cryotherapy (cold)
- Hydrotherapy (water)
- Electrical therapy, such as TENS

* Complementary and alternative methods. It is best to consult a physician before trying treatments such as:

- Acupuncture, a Chinese practice inserting needles into trigger points
- Acupressure, a needle-free variation on acupuncture
- Biofeedback, which trains the mind to control bodily functions
- Glucosamine and chondroitin, supplements that might help some cases of arthritic pain

* Surgery.
If noninvasive measures are inappropriate (such as with appendicitis) or do not succeed, an operation may be necessary. Types include:

- Arthroscopy, involving small incisions
- Arthroplasty, such as a joint replacement
- Carpal tunnel release
- Spine surgery, such as laminectomy, fusion, vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty

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Pain Causes

Tuesday, April 14th, 2009

Pain can be caused by many injuries, conditions and diseases. Pain may also be caused by infection. For example, encephalitis (abnormal swelling or inflammation of the brain) is usually caused by viral infection.

Acute pain is most often caused by disease, infection, inflammation or trauma to tissues and is usually easy to diagnose. Causes of acute pain include:

* Injuries. These include sprains, strains, bruises, tears, dislocations and fractures. These commonly occur while playing sports, at home, in the workplace or while driving. Some people who have had a spinal cord injury develop a condition called central pain syndrome. They can experience intense pain ranging from tingling to burning.

Fractures can be closed or open (breaking the skin), as well as avulsion, compression or impacted. An ACL tear involves the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint and is a cause of knee pain.

* Burns. Depending on the injury, pain caused by burns can be excruciating. Patients can still experience pain at the location of the burn even after it has healed.

* Infection. Invasion of the body by a pathogen such as a virus, bacterium or fungus. Infections are often the cause of acute inflammatory conditions such as appendicitis. Some infectious diseases, including Lyme disease and meningitis, can cause chronic problems.

* Surgery. Control of pain associated with surgery includes presurgical preparation and monitoring of the patient before, during and after the procedure.

The cause of chronic pain is not always evident. It can result from an acute condition that has not resolved within the expected recovery time, such as a fracture that has not healed properly or a wound that has become infected. However, in many cases it is caused by degenerative, rheumatic or autoimmune conditions, such as:

* Arthritis. Millions of Americans have arthritic conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and gout. These conditions are characterized by pain in joints and sometimes other parts of the body, such as the skin or eyes.

Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis and is caused by joint cartilage deterioration. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a compression of the median nerve in the wrist that causes wrist pain.

* Repetitive stress injuries. Conditions that result from repeated motions performed during work or other activities. Some examples are tendinitis, bursitis and tennis elbow. Carpal tunnel syndrome has long been though to be due at least partly to repetitive strain, but recent research implicates genetics and other factors.

* Fibromyalgia. A chronic pain illness characterized by musculoskeletal aches, pain and stiffness, soft tissue tenderness, general fatigue and sleep disturbances.

* Myofascial pain syndrome. A condition characterized by chronic pain in the muscle tissues.

* Chronic fatigue syndrome. A disorder marked by exhaustion, pain and other symptoms.

* Systemic lupus erythematosus. An autoimmune disease that can affect many parts of the body, including the skin, joints and kidneys.

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